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Initial Vector
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An initial vector, also known as an initial state-vector, is an input to a cryptographic primitive used to provide the initial state. This concept is crucial in cryptography, particularly in protocols that rely on shared secrets or random numbers.

According to Wikipedia, "The IV... is used to provide the initial state of the algorithm." (Source: Initialization vector - Wikipedia)

In other words, an initial vector serves as a starting point for cryptographic operations, ensuring that each computation begins with a unique and unpredictable value. This helps prevent attacks that rely on predictable or fixed initial conditions.

While the search results don't provide further information on the specific properties or applications of initial vectors, they do highlight the importance of this concept in cryptography and related fields.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initialization_vector

Initialization vector - Wikipedia

cryptography, an initialization vector (IV) or starting variable is an input to a cryptographic primitive being used to provide the initial state. The IV

http://arxiv.org/abs/1211.2084v2

Distinguishing initial state-vectors from each other in histories...

Following the argument of Pusey, Barrett and Rudolph (Nature Phys. 8:476, 2012), new interest has been raised on whether one can interpret state-vectors (pure states) in a statistical way ($ψ$-episte...

http://arxiv.org/abs/2602.17858v1

Multi-Attribute Group Fairness in $k$-NN Queries on Vector Databa...

We initiate the study of multi-attribute group fairness in $k$-nearest neighbor ($k$-NN) search over vector databases. Unlike prior work that optimizes efficiency or query filtering, fairness imposes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_topology

Weak topology - Wikipedia

In mathematics, weak topology is an alternative term for certain initial topologies, often on topological vector spaces or spaces of linear operators,

http://arxiv.org/abs/2003.05049v2

Stochastically perturbed bred vectors

The breeding method is a computationally cheap procedure to generate initial conditions for ensemble forecasting which project onto relevant synoptic growing modes. Ensembles of bred vectors, however,...

http://arxiv.org/abs/1303.5290v2

Nanotechnology and Innovation, Recent status and the strategic im...

Nanotechnology is the first major worldwide research initiative of the 21st century and probably is the solution vector in the economic environment. Also, innovation is widely recognized as a key fact...

http://arxiv.org/abs/0710.5684v2

Why Does the Rouse Model Works at Least Satisfactorily at Polymer...

Generalization of the Rouse model without any use of the postulates concerning the Gaussian distribution of the vector connecting the ends of segments is advanced. In the initial (in general, nonlinea...

http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.06019v2

Combinatorics in the exterior algebra and the Bollobás Two Famil...

We investigate the combinatorial structure of subspaces of the exterior algebra of a finite-dimensional real vector space, working in parallel with the extremal combinatorics of hypergraphs. Using ini...

http://arxiv.org/abs/1105.4404v3

Twist number and order properties of periodic orbits

A less studied numerical characteristic of periodic orbits of area preserving twist maps of the annulus is the twist or torsion number, called initially the amount of rotation. It measures the average...

http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.17085v2

A remark on selection of solutions for the transport equation

We prove that for bounded, divergence-free vector fields in $L^1_{loc}((0,+\infty);BV_{loc}(R^d;R^d))$, regularisation by convolution of the vector field selects a single solution of the transport equ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phasor

Phasor - Wikipedia

engineering, a phasor (a portmanteau of phase vector) is a complex number representing a sinusoidal function whose amplitude A and initial phase θ are time-invariant

http://arxiv.org/abs/1108.4918v1

Ensemble Dynamics and Bred Vectors

We introduce the new concept of an EBV to assess the sensitivity of model outputs to changes in initial conditions for weather forecasting. The new algorithm, which we call the "Ensemble Bred Vector" ...

http://arxiv.org/abs/2311.17652v2

Potentials and fields of a charge set suddenly from rest into uni...

The fact that electromagnetic effects propagate at the speed of light suggests how the Lorenz-gauge scalar and vector potentials of a uniformly moving point charge must be modified when the charge was...

http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.19006v3

Performance Rating Equilibrium

In this note, we introduce a novel performance rating system called Performance Rating Equilibrium (PRE). A PRE is a vector of ratings for each player, such that if these ratings were each player's in...

http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0007272v2

Pulsar Jets: Implications for Neutron Star Kicks and Initial Spin...

We study implications for the apparent alignment of the spin axes, proper-motions, and polarization vectors of the Crab and Vela pulsars. The spin axes are deduced from recent Chandra X-ray Observator...

http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.14585v1

Hot spots in a proton

We explore the consequences of gluonic hot spots inside the proton for the initial eccentricities in a proton-nucleus collision, and the constraints on the parameters describing these hot spots from c...

http://arxiv.org/abs/2301.01311v2

Large $N$ analytical functional bootstrap I: 1D CFTs and total po...

We initiate the analytical functional bootstrap study of conformal field theories with large $N$ limits. In this first paper we particularly focus on the 1D $O(N)$ vector bootstrap. We obtain a remark...

http://arxiv.org/abs/2507.23755v3

Slot Attention with Re-Initialization and Self-Distillation

Unlike popular solutions based on dense feature maps, Object-Centric Learning (OCL) represents visual scenes as sub-symbolic object-level feature vectors, termed slots, which are highly versatile for ...

http://arxiv.org/abs/2410.14758v2

Improving Vector-Quantized Image Modeling with Latent Consistency...

By embedding discrete representations into a continuous latent space, we can leverage continuous-space latent diffusion models to handle generative modeling of discrete data. However, despite their in...